Pakualaman (Javanese: Kadipaten Pakualaman; also written Paku Alaman, Hanacaraka: ꦤꦒꦫꦶ ꦥꦏꦸꦮꦭꦩꦤ꧀, Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma (later Prince Paku Alam I) was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812.
In-game screenshot. The four ghosts are at box in the center of the screen; Pac-Man is situated underneath them.
To the bottom is the player's life count and the level icon (represented by a cherry), to the top is the player's score.Pac-Man is a video game. The player controls through an enclosed maze; the objective of the game is to eat all of the dots placed in the maze while avoiding four colored ghosts — Blinky (red), Pinky (pink), Inky (cyan), and Clyde (orange) — that pursue him. When all of the dots are eaten, the player advances to the next level. If Pac-Man makes contact with a ghost, he will lose a life; the game ends when all lives are lost.
Each of the four ghosts have their own unique, distinct (A.I.), or 'personalities'; Blinky gives direct chase to Pac-Man, Pinky and Inky try to position themselves in front of Pac-Man, usually by cornering him, and Clyde will switch between chasing Pac-Man and fleeing from him.Placed at the four corners of the maze are large flashing 'energizers', or 'power pellets'. Eating these will cause the ghosts to turn blue with a dizzied expression and reverse direction. Pac-Man can eat blue ghosts for bonus points; when eaten, their eyes make their way back to the center box in the maze. Eating multiple blue ghosts in succession increases their point value. Blue-colored ghosts will flash white when they are about to turn back into their normal, lethal form.
Eating a certain number of dots in a level will cause a bonus item, usually in the form of a fruit, to appear underneath the regeneration box, which can be eaten for bonus points.The game increases in difficulty as the player progresses; the ghosts become faster and the power pellets decrease in length, to the point where the ghosts will no longer turn blue and edible. To the sides of the maze are two large 'warp tunnels', which allow Pac-Man and the ghosts to travel to the opposite side of the screen. Ghosts become slower when entering and exiting these tunnels. Levels are indicated by the fruit icon at the bottom of the screen.
In-between levels are short cutscenes featuring Pac-Man and Blinky in humorous, comical situations. The game becomes unplayable at the 256th level due to an that affects the game's memory, rendering this level unbeatable. Development After acquiring the struggling Japanese division of in 1976, video game developer had begun producing their own video games in-house, as opposed to simply licensing them from other developers and distributing them in Japan. Company president created a small video game development group within the company and ordered them to study several -produced microcomputers to potentially create new games with. One of the first people assigned to this division was a young 24-year-old employee named.
He created Namco's first video game in 1978, which while unsuccessful helped the company gain a stronger foothold in the quickly-growing video game industry. He also assisted in the production of two sequels, and, both released in 1979. Creator at the 2011.The Japanese video game industry had surged in popularity with games such as and, which lead to the market being flooded with similar titles from other manufacturers in an attempt to cash in on the success. Iwatani felt that arcade games only appealed to men for their crude graphics and violence, and that arcades in general were seen as seedy environments. For his next project, Iwatani chose to create a non-violent, cheerful video game that appealed mostly to women, as he believed that attracting women and couples into arcades would potentially make them appear to be much-more family friendly in tone. Iwatani began thinking of things that women liked to do in their time; he decided to center his game around eating, basing this off of women liking to eat desserts and other sweets.
His game was initially called Pakkuman, based on the Japanese onomatopoeia term “paku paku taberu”, referencing the mouth movement of opening and closing in succession.The game that later became Pac-Man began development in early 1979, taking a year and five months to complete - the longest ever for a video game up to that point. Iwatani enlisted the help of nine other Namco employees to assist in production, including composer Toshio Kai and programmer Shigeo Funaki, and designer Shigeichi Ishimura. Care was taken into making the game appeal to a “non-violent” audience, particularly women, with its usage of simple gameplay and cute, attractive character designs.
When the game was being developed, Namco was underway with designing, which utilized a then-revolutionary RGB color display, allowing sprites to use several colors at once instead of utilizing colored strips of cellophane that was commonplace at the time; this technological accomplishment allowed Iwatani to greatly enhance his game with bright, pastel colors, which he felt would help attract players. Because of the simple but recognisable shapes of Pac-Man and the ghosts, they are often used in art installations.The game of Pac-Man is considered by many to be one of the most influential video games of all time; its title character was the first original gaming, the game established the genre, it demonstrated the potential of, it increased the appeal of video games with, and it was gaming's first broad success. It was the first video game with, and the individual ghosts have deterministic (AI) that reacts to player actions. It is often cited as the first game with (in the form of brief comical interludes about and chasing each other),: 2 though actually employed a similar style of between-level intermissions in 1979.'
Maze chase' games exploded on home computers after the release of Pac-Man. Some of them appeared before official ports, and garnered more attention from consumers, and sometimes lawyers, as a result. These include (1981) and (1982) for the Apple II, (1981) for the Atari 8-bit family, (1981) for the TRS-80, and (1981) for the Odyssey².
Namco themselves produced several other maze chase games, including (1980), (1982), (1992), and (1994).Pac-Man also inspired 3D variants of the concept, such as (1982), (1982), and early such as (1987; which also had similar character designs).: 5 credited Pac-Man as the game that had the biggest influence on his career; includes a Pac-Man level from a first-person perspective. Many post- Pac-Man titles include that briefly turn the tables on the enemy.
The game's artificial intelligence inspired programmers who later worked for companies like. Pac-Man interactive exposition athas awarded the Pac-Man series eight records in Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008, including 'Most Successful Coin-Operated Game'. On June 3, 2010, at the NLGD Festival of Games, the game's creator Toru Iwatani officially received the certificate from Guinness World Records for Pac-Man having had the most 'coin-operated arcade machines' installed worldwide: 293,822. The record was set and recognized in 2005 and mentioned in the Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008, but finally actually awarded in 2010.The Pac-Man character and game series became an icon of video game culture during the 1980s.
A wide variety of Pac-Man merchandise has been marketed with the character's image, including, toys, hand-held video game imitations, pasta, and cereal.The game has inspired various real-life recreations, involving real people or robots. One event called set a Guinness World Record for 'Largest Pac-Man Game' in 2004. The business term ' in refers to a target that attempts to reverse the situation and instead acquire its attempted acquirer, a reference to Pac-Man 's energizers. The game's popularity has led to 'Pac-Man' being adopted as a nickname, such as by boxer and the player. The 'Pac-Man ' is named for a cosmetic resemblance to the character, in the mathematical study of the.On August 21, 2016, in the, during a video which showcases Tokyo as the host of the, a small segment shows Pac-Man and the ghosts racing and eating dots on a.
Television The animated TV series produced by aired on from 1982 to 1983. A computer-generated animated series titled aired on in June 2013.
As of February 2019, the series was also planned to air on, but it was ultimately canceled due to low coverage of.Music In music, the song ' (1981) went to No. 9 on the charts, and received a for more than 1 million records sold by 1982, and a total of 2.5 million copies sold as of 2008. More than one million copies of the group's album (1982) were sold.In 1982 recorded a parody of ' by as 'Pac-Man'. It was eventually released in 2017 as part of. In 1992, (with the name Power-Pill) released, a techno album which consists mostly of samples from the game.Film In 2008, a feature film based on the game was in development.The Pac-Man character appears in the film (2015), with playing series creator Toru Iwatani. Pac-Man is referenced and makes an appearance in the 2017 film. The game, the character, and the ghosts all also appear in the film, as well as the sequel.In where Kirito and his friends beat a game called PAC-Man 2024.
Iwatani makes a cameo at the beginning of the film as an arcade technician. In the Japanese film Kamen Rider Heisei Generations: Dr. Ex-Aid & Ghost with Legend Riders, a Pac-Man-like character is the main villain.The 2018 film uses Pac-Man as a strong plot element in the form of a 1999 couch-bound man who attempts to beat the game (and encounters the famous Level 256 glitch) before the occurs. Other gaming media In 1982, released a board game based on Pac-Man.
Players move up to four Pac-Man characters (traditional yellow plus red, green, and blue) plus two ghosts as per the throws of a pair of dice. The two ghost pieces were randomly packed with one of four colors.Sticker manufacturer included with its Pac-Man stickers.
The card packages contain a Pac-Man style maze with all points along the path hidden with opaque coverings. From the starting position, the player moves around the maze while scratching off the coverings to score points.Pac-Man is a playable character in. The 3DS version has a stage based on the original arcade game, called Pac-Maze. Nintendo released an figurine of Pac-Man. Pac-Man is a playable character in.High score records and perfect play A perfect Pac-Man game is when the player achieves the maximum possible score on the first 255 levels by eating every possible dot, energizer, fruit, and enemy, without losing a single life, and using all extra lives to score as many points as possible on level 256.The first person credited with achieving this score (3,333,360 points) was player, who claimed to perform the feat in about six hours in 1999. However, in April 2018, video game ranker removed all of Mitchell's scores from its database after ruling certain submissions had not been achieved using authentic. Since Mitchell's Pac-Man achievement, as of 2019, 7 other players have attained the maximum score on an original arcade unit.
The, according to Twin Galaxies, is currently held by David Race, with the fastest completion time of 3 hours, 28 minutes, and 49 seconds for the maximum possible score of 3,333,360 points.Historically, in December 1982, an eight-year-old boy, Jeffrey R. Yee, received a letter from U.S. President congratulating him on a of 6,131,940 points, a score only possible if he had passed level 256.
In September 1983, chief scorekeeper at Twin Galaxies, took the on a tour of the East Coast to visit video game players who said they could get through level 256. No video game player could demonstrate this ability. In 1999, Billy Mitchell had offered $100,000 to anyone who could complete level 256 before January 1, 2000; the prize expired unclaimed. Remakes and sequels. See also:Pac-Man is one of the few games to have been consistently published for more than three decades, having been on numerous platforms, and spawning many sequels. Pac-Man has been included in Namco's long-running compilations as well as. Downloads of the game have been made available on game services such as,.
Namco has released of Pac-Man for, and, as well as Palm PDAs, and -based devices.Pac-Man has numerous, only one of which was designed by original designer Toru Iwatani. Some of the follow-ups were not developed by Namco either, including the most significant, Midway's, released in the United States in 1981. Originally called Crazy Otto, this unauthorized hack of Pac-Man was created by and sold to Midway without Namco's permission.
Bally-Midway released several other unauthorized spin-offs, such as, and, resulting in Namco severing business relations with Midway.' S versions of the game yielded 1.5 million units sold in 1982. Produced a Pac-Man game with a simplified maze also in 1982.Namco has repeatedly re-released the game to arcades.
In 2001, Namco released a Ms. Pac-Man/ 'Class of 1981 Reunion Edition' with Pac-Man available for play as a hidden game. To commemorate Pac-Man 's 25th anniversary in 2005, Namco released a revision that officially featured all three games.On June 5, 2007, the first Pac-Man World Championship was held in New York City, which brought together ten competitors from eight countries to play the new developed by Toru Iwatani. Its was released November 2010.sold a downloadable Windows PC version of Pac-Man in 2009 which also includes an enhanced mode which replaces all of the original sprites with the sprites from.
Namco Networks made a downloadable bundle which includes its PC version of Pac-Man and its port of called. In 2010, announced the release of the game on as an Xbox Live game.For the weekend of May 21–23, 2010, changed the logo on its homepage to a playable version of the game in recognition of the 30th anniversary of the game's release. The version of Pac-Man was estimated to have been played by more than 1 billion people worldwide in 2010, so Google later dedicated the game its own page.In April 2011, Soap Creative published working together with and Namco-Bandai to celebrate Pac-Man 's 30th anniversary. It is a multiplayer browser-based game with user-created, interlocking mazes.